Journal of Analytical and Applied Computer Sciences
Peer Reviewed Open Access Journal
Peer Reviewed Open Access Journal
Blockchain technology has evolved significantly since its introduction as the underlying framework for cryptocurrencies. In recent years, it has expanded into a versatile distributed ledger technology supporting decentralized applications across finance, healthcare, supply chains, governance, and the Internet of Things. This review paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent advances in blockchain technology, focusing on architectural developments, consensus mechanisms, scalability solutions, security enhancements, and emerging application domains. The study critically examines current challenges such as performance limitations, energy consumption, interoperability, privacy concerns, and regulatory uncertainties. By analysing recent literature and technological trends, the paper identifies key research gaps and outlines promising directions for future investigation. The findings aim to support researchers and practitioners in understanding the current state of blockchain technology and its trajectory toward large-scale, sustainable adoption.
Blockchain Technology, Distributed Ledger, Consensus Mechanisms, Scalability, Smart Contracts, Web3, Research Gaps
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